The Common Octopus

Key Information

Also known as Octopus vulgaris, the common octopus is the most studied species of all octopus.

Size: 30 to 90cm 

Lifespan: 1 to 2 years 

Habitat: Shallow waters

Einstein of the Water

This species is recognised as the most intelligent of all invertebrates. They demonstrate curiosity, advanced defence mechanisms (such as imitation and camouflage), advanced memory and emotional intelligence.  

Over many studies it was shown octopuses can form attachments to humans and recognise them even with diving suits on. 

They can also solve complex problems like mazes and often look for objects to use as tools for any challenge they face. For example, using a barrier of shells to protect itself from predation.

Predators

They are very quick animals so they're very hard to catch. They can travel up to 25mph using jet propulsion by filling the mantle cavity and rapidly expelling the water using the siphon muscle.

The common octopus, like other octopus species, are also very active predators. They have been seen to trick prey by leading it straight towards them. One observed instance was that the octopus tapped shrimp causing it to move away from the contact and straight towards the octopus for it to pounce on. They also have glands that inject venom into prey to sedate it, ensuring a (hopefully tasty) meal for the octopus.

REFERENCES 

Octopus, Squid & Cuttlefish: A Visual Scientific Guide to the Ocean's Most Advanced Invertebrates 

Roger Hanlon, Mike Vecchione and Louise Allcock

2018

Date published: 14th July 2023